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Spleen(low spirits)

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An organ that is part of the lymphatic system.  Spleen is a largest lymphoid organ of the body,  Also stores the blood,  Filters blood by removing cellular waste and getting rid of old or damaged blood cells. Makes white blood cells and antibodies that help you fight infection. Maintains the levels of fluid in your body. Produces antibodies that protect you against infection. Dimension :- spleen are soft, highly vascular and dark purple in colour.  Thickness -1" Breath  -3" Length -5" Weight - 7 oz(ounce) Ribs -9-11 Shape - Tactrahadral *Note: Harries dietum: 1,3,5,7,9,11 Situation :- 1. Epigastric 2. Left hypochondrium Parts :-  Two ends:- 1. Medial end (posterior end):-rounded. 2. Lateral end or interior end:- more like border.  Surface :- Two surface:- 1. Visceral :- concave and irregular.  2. Diaphragmatic :- convex and smooth.  Borders :-  3 borders:- 1. Superior border:- notch near anterior end.  2. Inferior border:- ro...

Anatomical Liver (Hepar).

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  Introduction:-     1) It is the largest gland of the body.  2) It is exocrine and endocrine gland                       3) Situated in the right upper quadrant                            of abdominal cavity  *Exocrine part secrete the bile and endocrine part secrete the plasma, protein, glucose and heparin. Shape :- Wedge Dimension :-                        1. Length - 6"                        2. Breath -6"                        3. Thickness - 5"   Weight :- At birth - 150 gm In adult male - 1600 gm In female - 1300 gm Situation :-                                 ...

Anatomical Urinary bladder

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 Introduction:-  It is a muscular bag which act as reservoir of urine and helping micturition. Positions: - 1. In infants : In abdomen 2. Upto 9 years of age: Partially abdomen and partially pelvic. 3. After 9 yrs of age: Fully pelvic organ 4. In adult: When bladder is full it is abdominal organ and may extent up to the umbilicus. 5. Shape : When empty - Tactrahadral shape When full- Oval shape Capacity : 1. Infants:22-50 ml 2. Adult: 450-500 ml First desire for micturition Note: 1. Pain full sensation start when the amount of urine reaches above 450 ml External Features:- 1. Apex:- directed forward.  2. Base/fundus:- directed backward.  3. Neck:- lowest and most fixed part of bladder.  4. Surface :-                      :Superior surface                      :Infralateral surface (2)(R&L)  Border:-             ...

“Fish scale disease” (Ichthyosis)

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 Family of genetic disorder Defined:-                   a congenital skin condition which cause                  the epidermis to become dry & horny                  like fish scales    Ichthyosis comes from the Greek ( ichthys,     literally "fish"), since dry, scaly skin is the defining feature of all forms of ichthyosis.  Causes:-                 1) commonly caused by genetic factor                   2) taking certain types of drugs.  Symptoms :-                        1) itchy skin                        2) flaky skin                        3) thi...

History of Homoeopathic Pharmacy

  HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACY Birth of homoeopathic pharmacy is from the day of discovery of homoeopathy. The excel- lence of homoeopathic pharmacy lies in exploring the latent curative power of a substance, even from a substance that is pharmacologically inert (i.e. Lycopodium-Club moss spores) and retaining the therapeutic potentiality when no molecules of the original substance are left in the preparation. The experimental and practical foundation studies were carried out between the year 1790 and 1810. As such, the discoverer of homoeopathic pharmacology is Dr. Samuel Hahnemann. In 1805 Hahnemann announced his new method of pharmacological process in a trea- tise—“ Fragmenta de Viribus Medicamentorum ”. With each edition of Organon of Medicine there was an evolution of homoeopathic pharmacy. The basic principles of homoeopathic phar- macology are incorporated in the practical portion of different aphorisms of the Organon of Medicine and in the writings of “Chronic Disease”...

Mucormycosis and Treatment

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  Institutional Strategies 1. All mucormycosis cases will be primarily admitted and managed pre & post operatively in respective surgical specialty (ENT, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Ophthalmology, Neurosurgery etc.) After admission every patient is to be examined by Department of Medicine, ENT, and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; and by Ophthalmology & Neurosurgery as and when indicated. 2. Uncontrolled medical illness would be managed by respective medical units. 3. Independent second opinion of senior / another faculty from respective emergency unit may be taken if required. 4. Separate ward, OT or extra OT day are to be managed as per clinical load. 5. Day care treatment may be offered even post operatively whenever feasible. 6. The focus will be on early diagnosis & rapid initiation of antifungal therapy and aggressive “early” surgical debridement of necrotic lesions with optimal correction of co- morbidities. Introduction: • Mucormycosis or Zygomycosis ...